Pharmacology Guide
Excerpts for Permacharts
Pharmacokinetic
Processes
Determine the amount of dose that reaches site of
action
Absorption · Movement of drug into the bloodstream · RATE determines how rapidly drug effects begin · AMOUNT determines intensity of effect · IV -
instant, complete · IM, SC -
rapid, capillary wall barrier · Oral -
variable, GI epithelial cells, capillary wall barriers Plasma Drug Levels · Minimum Effective Concentration (MEC) is the level below which therapeutic effects will
not occur · Toxic Concentration (TC) is the level where toxic effects begin to appear · Therapeutic Range is the level between the MEC and TC |
Distribution · Movement of drug into cells Metabolism · Enzymatic action on the drug, primarily hepatic Excretion · Primarily through urine but also bile, sweat,
saliva, breast milk, exhalation Half Life · Time required for drug concentration to decrease by
50 per cent. |
CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM
Antianginals
Name |
Administration |
Action |
Pharmacokinetics |
Side Effects |
G- Diltiazem T- Cardiazem |
R- Oral,
IV D- 180-360
mg tid 10/ml
/hr IV |
Calcium channel blocker, reduces cardiac work |
A-30 - 60
min H-3.5 - 6
hours |
Dizziness, headache, fatigue, nausea, edema,
flushing, NP |
G- Nifedipine T-
Procardia, Adalat |
R- Oral,
SR D- 10 - 20
mg tid |
Calcium channel blocker |
A-20 mins H-2 - 5
hrs |
Sleep
disturbances, edema, angina, pruritis, NP |
G- Nitroglycerin T-
Nitroglycerin |
R- SL, IV, Topical D- SL - 1
tab prn |
Nitrate |
A-1 - 3
mins H- 47 -
100 hrs |
Headache, apprehension, vertigo, hypotension, rash |
G- Verapamil T- Isoptin,
Calan |
R- Oral, IV D-320-480
mg / d - 5-10 mg IV |
Calcium channel blocker |
A-30 min H-3 - 7
hrs |
Dizziness, nausea, edema, hypotension, arrhythmias,
NP |
GENITOURINARY SYSTEM
Diuretics
Name |
Administration |
Action |
Pharmacokinetics |
Side Effects |
G - Chlorothiazide T - Diuril |
R - PO, IV D - 0.5 -
2 g bid or qid |
Sodium and chloride inhibitor |
A- 15 -
120 min H- 45 -
120 min |
Vomiting, polyuria, impotence, photosensitivity,
hives, gouty attacks. NP |
G - Furosemide T - Lasix |
R - PO,
IM, IV D - 50 -
100 mg q 4 - 6 hrs |
Loop high action |
A- 5 - 60
mins H- 120
mins |
Paresthesias xanthopsia, NP, vomiting,
thrombophlebitis, leukopenia, electrolyte loss. |
Web site Page featuring Guide is at:
http://www.permacharts.com/pcstore/product_info.php/products_id/286